In agricultural machines



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LEI/212%? Witnesses, x5. of

HENRY OOXVING, 0F NEW' OR'ANS, LOUISIANA.

4HV1Plli'EliilENT lill AGRICULTURAL MACHENES,

Spueiliczrtion forinng pnrlof' Leiters lnlont- No. h', dnfed August 4, 18Go.

To all 'whom it may concern;

Be n: known that. I, HENRY (loWING, of New Orleans, in the parish ot' Orleanslnnd 'Stilte of Louisiane, have invented zu new ond' Improved Agricultural Morellino; and I do hereby declare that the following; is wfull, elem', and eimer.V description ofthe eons'trneton and operation of the some, reference bein had to the meeompimyng drawings, making o port of this specification, in whch- Figure is ai top rew.Y Fin: 2 is o Side elerzition; F50. 3, a detached top vewyof @he whiiletrees and their combination with the iro-ees and einstige; Fig.. o side 'elevation of the combination for deep plowing; `Fg. 5, n.. top' ,View oi the Semo; Fin. 6, a detached View ofthe moleplow; Fig, 7, o detached View of the harrow.vv Fig. '8 is a detached vic-zw, showing the combination for barring' ofi' young' crops, :md alsohowng the plows in condivi-v nartion with the digging-wheel and` lxnrrmv,`l one-half of eeoh being represented. Fig. 9 is a ground plan of the plorvs as arranged for enl writing the Wholospeoe Between the rows of corner eene when high. l0 is a, side eleration, Showing a different arrangement. for

elevating the plows, and o, dl'erent combinan ioirfor breaking up the Aliz-nd; Fig; .11, a top View of the sfnne.` Fig. 12 is e topvi'ew, show ing the ratoon or stubble entier, :md rho combinar-ions for barringoi both sides of the'stubhie ai: the same time. Fig. 13 is a) top View of the scoops for. covering the cane, and the Semper for removing' :my desired amount of soil from the top of the eene. after-heilige() covered.' Fig. 14 is' 'a detached perspeetive j View ofthe levelin geemper or-Sbubble 'loosener or lowerer. Eig. 15 is u eide elevationof the eombination for deep plowing, the redlines showing; the eamo with the mole-plowottnch Fig. 16 a top View of the same. Fig. Ms o Gross-section of the cylinder for sowing, 8m., showing the arrangement of the dierent-sized oups. lligxlS is n top View ofthe same,

This: invention consists in @novel arrangement und combination of '1)lows, borrows, seeders, and markers with steering apparains, elevating :md depressing defiees, dra-ft Ltmennen and adjusting apparatus, by which' @She plone, Cso.; ennhe used in' ditllar'ent coml lnnatione for different purposes, Snell as bread@ ing n n new Soil and planting' und onltwaiing corn, wheat, eotron, eene, sind ohor regelnblos and Ceroals, cutting' und lowering omw- Stlibble, ditching, nndeiwdrnilng, &e. The machine con .be opernred either'hy stoom, or by horsepower, yor oxen.

ln rho drawings, il l are the draft'n'heols; B", the axle; E, the front drivers Seat; E', The rear drivel-s sont, l), ktheommmover the frontseot, supported by standards Dl'l and en ad inem-ble ironie, D2; F, platform on J(he frontl portofthefrmne,iri1he driver to stand upon; ll, the draft-pole, to which are attached cross trees 112; l 1, the steering-wheels, operated by ropes. or elnins .l J, or by levers L I); K, the digging-Wheels, for rearing and pulvorzing' the soil in frontier' the pions; G, the horrow; :L scraper, ibrent'tng oil' eene-stubble infrontof the Flows, l l, the forward plonn, eonneeied by the Semper U; M ill, the oponing-plows; N N, the ooveringfplows; Q, the

plows and levels oli' he earth upon the seed, equolizing. its depth, and removing olods, Sticks, stones, Sie., therefrom; l R,-lnrge outside scoops, for' ditching, covering ezine, die.; S,'the adjustable marker; and T,tl1e Seodhox, from 'which a ecmdnetor,E U, descends lo o point innnedinely 'ne-hind and between the mold-boards of the opening-pions. VAll those parte -m-nybeeomhned and arranged together as shown inv Figs. l ond, or igheir position and combination Amay he modified, as exhihl iterl in he other drawings, and-zas will be hereinafter described.

The frame of the nstrnmenwhen *the jxiorrs rre eleva-ted, is Supported by the d'roii-wheeis, Steering-Wheels, and' draft-pole, When' the 'plm 's are depressed, it rests in ps1-rt upon them,

'dxrfbfwheels, having its forward edge son ported by the rear end of the droit-pole, :ind

other in the rear of ille dro ft-wheels, and .snpporting the plone, har-row, marker, Sempere, steering:opneming seeding: apparenze, one.O This parioffrhe freine ishhigedo l'he rear end o'theixed orwordimrgonci'io The wie 'Giee,fby`r1nemis for' rldjnsfuile arms or lin L: on neetions YV, whioh enel-loir to lon raised no leveling-Semper, which follows the coveringbut still, in the rhein, upon the Wheeis. Erf consists of 4nwo parte-one A5, in from of the its roer edge supported hy the axle-treo, ro, 'which it is hinged or' otherwise nrteiehed; the

a. adres i Asshown by the top views,the frame cousists of lfour longitudinal bars, AA Al A1,

arranged parallel to each other inside of the draft-wheels, and two, A2 A2, outside of said wheels, the siX barsbeing united by twofor morecross-ba'rs,A3 A4, and being hinged at their forwardvends to the arms V V; 'The axletree is cut with screw-threads, or otherwise constructed to adapt it to set the arms YV Vat any relative distances apart; and the ,crfossbars A A* arey similarly constructed, to

enable them to hold the frame-pieces A-Al A2 at such distances apart as toI accommodate them to the armsV V, to which they are sev l erall y jointed.

beams A A., opposite to' or a little behind the seeding apparatus, the object. of this'additional screw/rod and its supportinglngs bein g to 'further strengthen the standards of the plows, and prevent the latter from being pressed against the land, they havin g no landsides,y vthe pressure upon one mold-board being eqnalized by that on the opposite side. Haw ing no soles, the weight ot the plows and soil thrown upon the wheels, whereby at least one-halt' of the power that would 4otherwise be necessary to run the' machine is saved, and the subsoil .or bottom of thefurrow is not rendered a hard-pan. A similar rod is used to each two plows, except the double mold-board.

The rods further strengthen and support the frame of the machine.y

Having thus given a 'general description of the apparatus, I will now proceed to describe more specifically the construction and operation of the several parts thereof; and

First, the traces and whitlietrees. These are constructedto'equalize the draft of the several teams, heilig adaptedI to any number ot' horses or oxen that may berequired, according to the size of the instrument employed in any particular case, and the nature of the ground. In the drawings, c c are. sin glo-trees, aixed to a doubletree, c1, on each side of the draft-pole,the two double-trees being connected to the quadruple-tree or niain whiiiietree C.

Each horse is connected to the sin gie-trees by vnieans of traces or other harness, c2 c, and tied tothe crossbar Il', in frontof the horses, by an elastic r"ope,fstrap,oi spring, c o', which is fastened to his under `jaw, or bit ofthe horse, or nose ofthe oxen. The whi'tletree (j slides lcngiimdinally.with the draft-pole, a pin or boltfrom it projecting tluough aslot in the draft-pole. A cord'or chain, c, passes from the whiiitletree back over a fixed pulley, a, and then forward over a movable pulley, c, from whence itis carried back and fastened to the frame of the machine in rear of the pulley c. From the movablepulley a cord or chain, c, runs forward beyond the cross-treeH,`where it is con- .nected with the forward team, and receives `tl1eir`draft. The object of this larrangement is to equalizethe power exerted by eight horses -in front of tlie"crossbar H by that ot' ionr ,i horses ybehind it, as by its use the force exerted by the latter is doubled. A tongue and vslidebar, similar, to the one used, may bel jointed to its forward end for each additional team, to holdI n p the whifiietree's from the horses heels. VVit-h thc` apparatus thus constructed, if the 'two forward teamsinove faster or draw more ,vigorously thanthe rear horses, they. donot 'relieve the latter of their share ofthe work,

but cause the elastic cords to pull with great power upon their bits or under jaws, placing them in a v ery uncomfortable position, and rendering it necessar f for them to spring tio 4their work with alaerity, in order to relieve themselves. So, too, ii' the rearhorses, on either side of the pole, spring forward orlag behind, so as 'to render the draft unequal, the sliding Whittle-tree will distribute such inequality to all the other teams, so as not to bring an overwhelming pressure upon the horses nearest `to 'thosel which are in 'anlt. The whole arrangement is such as admirably to' take up 'and distribute among all the horses every inequality in the draft, thereby saving the team from `much fatigue, and enabling it to work longer and better than it' working in any other harness yet devised for a similar purpose, the tongue being removable by taking out the bolts i c' for the ,attaclnnent of steam-power, or, by takingout one of the bolts, it causes a ioiiit, so that the'` machine may be steered to the greatest nicety independent of the horses.

Secondly, the seeding apparatus. This consists of the box T and conductor U, hereinbey fore describedpwith an agitator and distributer, and adjusting and operating devi-ces.

The agitator and -distributer consist of -a doubleegrooved cylinder, rotating under the lower end of theseed-box, by means of a belt, T1, and pulley t, the belt being actuated by pulle ,Cl2 on the axle B', inside of 'the draftwheel, or on the rotary cutter"digger-shalt;l The latter may be deemed most desirable,

`as the diggingwheel can be raised from the ground, and the dropping of grain stopped, while the machine is heilig turned, 'or trans-v ported from place to place: A revolving Icylinder,I z, is placed' under a hopper or sced-box, T, and is provided with four or more eylindrlcal cavities, for the purpose of receiving and con-- veying seed'to the conductor. These cavities are provided with nests of cups z, fitting in@r side of each other like apotliecaries weights, whereby they can be added or removed, and the, cavities entirely closed, or snficleut space left for the accommodation ot' they smallest grain, or potatoes, or other vegetables mixed with nfertilizers. Thecups are held iii-placev the frame, its front end beingheldup by'a cord form, and is held within easy reach of the driver.

wishes to operate the apparatus from the rear weight may be raised.

'(-onlncd by wedges, pins, or otherwise to the beams A Al A2, or are provided with a series 1 regula-ting the position of the bca'nfs A A1.A2,

holes, or any other known extension device. It can also be adjusted vertically by bending to the beam A2, and coniining it `tovsaid beam by a slot and sct-scrcw, s s', o1' otherwise. A.

armto the beantN in' front of it, andserves- 'to support the marker and prevent its being broken oi' by rimning'against obstaclesl a trippingpole or frame, p, can be hinged to the axle, and swung' under the forward part of or chain, p', which passes up through the plat- Thc cord can be attached to a spindle, spool, roller-,or lever, so as to be controlled more easily, it' thought necessary. By dropping the forward end of the tripping-pole upon the ground, it throwsup, the axle and frame, the team itselfl raising the whole apparatus from the ground quickly and easily, without the, l'iecessity of the drivers exerting any power whatever, save to disengage the cord. Throughthismeans'theheavicstmachinecanbe perfectly controlled by a mere boy. A long compound lever, f2, could be used instead of the handle h,'if required, or it the driver seat, oneend o'i' this compound lever is attached to the axle-tree. 01,1 the side of the lever is a plate projecting, and works into the ratchet of the semic'ireular lever l1, which' forms a powerful compound lever, by which a great Fifth, the adjustment ot' the plows. Their adjustment in height is eit'ected by the several plow-curved standards, which either pass through slots, clamps, or box-straps, and are ot' holes,through which they maybe pinned or bolted to the frame-pieces, so as to vbring the plows att-he proper height from the ground. The opening and covering plows and the levelingscraper are provided with two standards each, oneanswering the purpose of ajspport to the heel of .the instrument, and the other answering the purpose of a ysupport to its toe, and at the same time operating as a colter. Each ot these standards is vertically adjustable upon the beam abovel. vythis means the height or the pitch ofthe plows Aand scraper may be ad` j-usted at pleasure. 'Tlie plows may also be adjusted to and from each other byfthenu-ts on the screws l 2 3., The screw No. 1 forms the axle-tree. No. 2, behind the wheels, is for' strengthening and holding firmly together and raising the outside beams, as seen in Figs. l and 2, by the means liereinbefore describedfor to which they are all attached, and with which they can be movedfrom side to side, or up and down. The marker can be adjusted in or out from the frame by att-aching its markingpoint to a projecting arm, composed ot' Itwo plates, one overlapping the other, and thc ,two1bcing connected by slots and set-screws, pins and.

up the inner end ot' the plate,- wl lich isattaclied chain, Sgionnects the outer end of the marker-I autres Sixth, the outside frame-pieces, with their and pointed arms 0r spikes attached to a shaft,v

B, which extends across the machine, directly behindr and below the axletree 'l5'. The wheels K K may revolve loosely on Athe shaft B, or may be atlixed thereto, and the latter be made. torotate 'by means of belt and pulleys or gearing. A harrow, the form ami-construc- *tion of which rare shown in Fig. 7, may operatc on the shaft B, instead ofthe diggingwheels. The harrow is made with three arms of ditlerent lengths, one striking the ground iirst and tearing it up slightly, the second followin in its track, and striking a little deeper, j

tearing it up a little more, and the third bringing up the rear and completing the work el'- 'ectually. Collars, or washers, or sections ot' pipe, may be' placed upon the shaft-132,111-A tween the harrows or the cutters, to keep them the properl distance apart. A circular diskcutter, L, having sha-rp edges, might be employed directly in front of the plow's l P, or any other or" the plows, to cut the dirt and easier'work for them to open their furrow..

d The harrows 4Gr G maybe arranged in 4any required number and position upon. the shaft B, as vmay also'the digging-wheels K K and the cutters A11 arrangement of both is shown in Fig. 8, harrows being attached on oiieendot' the shaft and digging-wheels on the other.` This harrow-tooth maybe used for loosening roads or any earth, for shoveling, 'for any purpose whatever, or it may b e applied to the screw No. 3, at the rear end ot the beams, for'the purpose of harrowing' after the plows, or by reversing the diggin g-wheel, end for end,l and putting a `perch of wood or any other suitable materialthroughl the sheath, behind thel 4stays 11,1't-,prevents the wheel from revolving, .and acts similar' to the barrow-tooth, taking' different depths. f

Eighth, instead ot' the beams A A1 A2 and their plows and other connected apparatus, .as represented in Figs. land 2, an atta-chable and detachable device (represented in Figs. ft

` Iin place ofthe beams A A1 A2,'. 'lhe first plow,

1r,- is 'elevated'several inches higher than the rear one's, and it cuts away the sod or soil, say,

to a depth ot' four inches, cr any other depth to which it may be z idjusted/ Then follows the vmiddle plow, acl, which cuts `four inches deeper in' tlicsame track, and throws its dirt in sneh a manner upon 'the i'urrowslice made by the first vplow- 'Last of all comes the rearplow,

' and character.

'sonno f 5 ufl, which ents in the seme track lfour inches deeper still, innking the whole furrow twelve -inches deep, and ensting'its `ea-Lthnpon the ridge runde by the two front News, so 'that nll three combine to innige but one iurre\\7 and throw up but one ridge or vfurrow-sllee, The rear plow, having' n novel and peculiar work toperforin in eletetiug its dirt so for, is ninde in a. novel and peculiar 1 nm1ner,hn\'ing two standards on eheh side-four in nil-to snpport it, and haring' a. long gentlyinelinedshore, up which incline the earth is pushed for some dstenoe, inoJ line directlybackward, till` it comes to the mohbboa-rd fees at the uppernund rear end of the plow, which 'turns the dirt o'on the right eide upon the top et' the ridge left' by the foreword4 plows. All these blows are adjustable in height and pitch, es nbove described. 1n all of 'them the forward stond erde serve both as colters end :is supports for the plow point end shore. The bennis Vv' W are themselves hinged to the links or arms Y V. The marker een be connected Vith the ,beaune TV lV, it desired, ne arbore described. The rear standards of the plowe are: forked at their lower extremities, one 'fork running down behind and neer the front edge of the moldbofn'd and shore toward the. point of the plow, the other running` down behind the mold-board Land `:slm-re in e line nenrerto their rear or' outer edge, and the two forks Supporting' bot-h the mold-bonrd ond shore. The mold-board ond 'share nre efr-eh bolted iiulependently of the other to the forks ofthe standard, so that the inoldboin'd een be. rennwed. l frequently remorev the mold-boord and cultivate with the shore :ind stnndzude, which simply raises the soil np :nid loosens it thoroughly without tin-ning" it offer.' All the plows nniy be censtrneted in this ninnnenne seen in Figs. 4 and 5.

Ninth, the canopy enn be adjusted by inenlns` of the slots end setserews did', in nninnner that will be understood by n glance at the drawings. The front edge eff the canopy, or either of its sides,'een be thus depressed or raised, and caused to assume any desired inclina-tion which will promote 'the eomibrt end convenience ot' the driver, o1' may be so ele# `mted es to net also' Seil to assist 'thehorsee 4lin ezise of n. storni it een be'lowered so as to protect 'the drver'froni the rein. .The eenopyi cover. is mede 'by being l'iemxnerbend an ex pensive cord rnnthrongh theJ hemfso, that it ,is held to the frame 'without any other fasteniirgmid can readily liereineved bylsiinply rinsing one end up end pulling it o'.

rtenth, in order thntthe Screw-threads ujion the axle iB may lieffproteeted from injury by the huboJ of the draft-Wheels, inelose them lin"o r surround their ends oih-beeriiig'portion inith a. ypiece of tube of Suitable dimensions I' then empio;v two serew-nnte onlhe e,:de-one et eneh e1 id of the tube. B v screwing the nuts iirinlyngninst the ends of 'the tube, ythe hitter is held fixed in plone, and

cannet rotate indepeinlently of' the axle. The

wheels run on `the tubes between the nuts, not eenling in enntnet with the nxle :1t nil. 0l'

course, the-tubes enn be set out or in ondhe axle, end the position of the Wheels een beV thus adjusted et pleasure, benidee perfectly protecting' the sore\ .'-th'r nids from injury.

Eleventh, the ditlerent forms of the eolter,

er sharp-edged torn-'ord stende-rd of the blows,

in worthy of pz'x-rtieulzn' notice, being adopted te the ditl'ei'ent verle-ties oi' soil in winch the machine nnty here te operate., A The edge will be sharper end incline more :is the soil in tougher, or more eneumbered with lstinks, roots,

grass, &e.,nnd more inclined to throw the pious ont `or retard their notion. 'Springs xa- `may be' employed to keep the 'plows down p1'eperly,while yet allowing' there to rise to pass over obstacles.

Twelfth, the orossdmr H2, Fig. 3, attached to the dreftpole, passesunder the renr horses, which are attached thereto byetraps or chains passing over their books, upon which is borne `any Weight which may be thrown upon 'the pole by the inequalities of the ground, end also prevents it from being' thrown up, or the ma chine'from being cepsized.

Thediii'erent combinations of the parte hereinabove described, and the particularadaptetion and use of each combination, may, perhaps, behest described by n reference to eneh of the several drawings nbove referred to intheir order.

' Figs. and 2.-The parte used in plnnting are all represented here, eoneisting ot' the digger-wheels, openingqilows, Seedinfov apparatus, covering-plone, device Q, for leveling oit' the around upon the planted seed, und pressing; it down to the degree that may be required, :nid the marker. The Steering nppnr'et1is,traee and n'ht'tletree nttnclnnent, and canopy will, of, course, be employed with this -eombinntion The scoops, plows i1 P, Semper Q, will not be used.. The. burrow and entter-wheelsil'r3 may or niny not be uned, :recording to circumstances. A l

Figs. l and 5 represent the combination which is occasionally'employed for Yery deep plowing' and bren-icing' up, and which inn-y be attached nlon'e to 4the ninehine the nherplows,

borrows, &e., being' removed, or the digging*- wheel, barrow, or euttingn'heels muy be deed with it.

The nioleplows' shown in Fig. 6 ning.' be usedr rem1 pion', enf-hone cutting deeper than the,

one before it, ne nbovn deem-ibm, so thetthe force 1S throunfin dillln-ent parte et' The benin. Fig. Sehown n eonxbinntion iluv uitbuiting and the side plows M i to ridge up the earthas e'ectually as ifa sin.

' ground for planting.

'rows till the corn or young corn, cane, cotton, tobaecmfor any otherI crop that grows in rows. The crop is. shownat 'y 3]. The plows M M of Figi are sepa rated, so as to pass on each sideofthe row of young plants and throwl th'e'd'rrtoof'their. roots; The plows N N 'follow immediately bef hind, and a little outside ot'4 and, intercepting the dirt thrown out by the orWardploWS, throw it back, finely pulrverized, to tlie'plunts.v The digging-\vheels K or the" harrows G may be used in connection with this combination, or even :independently of it, topulver'ize the earth between the rows, and may,

in Asome cases,'prove eiifectual for the purpose without theplows.

\ Fig. 9 shows a combination which I employ for plowing between the rows when the corn,

cane, or other plant is from four to six feet high. The two beams A A are brought togetl ier. The plcws M M 'are attached vto the beams A. A', and the plows N N to the beams A A, in suoli. a position that all the plows shall throw thc dirt outward, the plows N N .forming together a double mold-board plow. In this way, the instrument will thoroughly loosen up the earth, and cultivate the whole space between two rows at once.

I can set the center plows N N to rml deep Mto run shallow, so as gie .plow were used, and without injuring the roots ot the crop. To do this, a shorter axletree is used, and the wheels run inside of the outside beams, so as not to injure the roots or the. plants. Fi l() and l-l represent a combination which is employed for breaking up and preparing the The tines T* T, arranged to cut at different depths, thoroughly tear up andpulvcrize theearth in the center of the space, and inadvance of the plows.I Theplows N N then. throw the earth together under the center of the instrument, and the plows M M, now attached to the outer bains AZ, throw up other furrows, the four plows thus forming a nice bed or ridge to plant upon. B y taking out the'tines T4 T4, the rest of this combination may be employed for cultivating between the other crop is threcteet The diggin g-wheels may applied in front of the plowv when used purpose, thus-enabling` the plows to throw any aniountot soil to thc`plant, doing a ,-way with'hoeing, and -b Y throwing it to cach side oi the plant at once, do not injure the plant, by pressing it down, as is the case by cultivating one side at a time. The axle oi Athe barrow may be raised in the center as high as the axle, or two short axles. may bel .used for the digging-wheels, and twoarms running down from' the center beams in which the' inner got' the short axle-trees are pivoted into, so .that the crop may be cultivated with or A less in height; be

Athe diggingwheels till the crop is'as highas the axle of the? machine.

Fig. .l2 represents a combination which is employed inthe spring for the special purpose the plows U,

function.

. the steel spring for cut-tin g be placed'as far in serres otlaying the lcane open and exposing the stubblc to the sun, or baring oil' the stubble or planted"cane, as theA operation' `is technicallyY '.named, ,and -.for removing the unnecessary earth, out' stubble, dye., 'outot the way, and

cutting a furnwon each side oi' the row, se as to let the' heat and light of the sun 'in to.

the roots'or the planted cane.v In this combi- 'nat-i'cn, the scraperQ, the form oi'- which is fully showir in Fig. 14, is cnuiloyed to cut thc stubble-and scrape oli' the earth ilroni above' theplantcd cane lor -tlie.stubble. rllhe parts q.

and'q` may be det-ached and removed from the instrument Q, leaving the parts g5 andq'I ql, which are made, of one piece. g5 is a sharpedged plate, which, when thus detached from the parte 'below,'.can be run under tlieplanted cane for stubble, 4 by. lowering the vpoint more than the rear part, forming a slight incline and around it, and stirring up the planted'cane or stubble, sc as to let the air and warmth in from above.

. VVh'en the instrumentQ is in the form shown inFig. 14, the parts g5 and' 'qt forni two sharp yedged-ln1ives,about six inches apart, and connectcd by the triangular or wedge-shaped part' rThus constructed, the instrument may be used to' perform a new and very importent It can be forced along under the stubble, and the two knives q* Q5 cut out about six inches of the soil or earth under the stuhble, whichportion thus cut out is removed by the wedge-shaped part q rlhis lowers the necessity stubblejsix inches, andobviates the of replanting the cane.

The saine operation of lowering the cane, or the efp'liralent4 thereof, can be performed by the combination represented in 1li. In .that case, I use the p lows there shown to open a deep furrow alongside of the row of planted 'cane or stubble, and 'I then go over the ground and plow the said cane or stubble, or turn it with a plow over into the furrbw. thus formed.

lThe instrument may be constrlwtcdl with an additional beam and a turnin g-plow, if desired, for convenience in. performing this operation. -lnstead'ot' the instrument Q, when employed for scraping oli' .the surface ef thel soil .above the planted cane orstubble, the flat steel spring.- scrapcr 0 may bc used, and may be.

supported by standards attached' to the beams, or by being. bolted to -two ofthe plows, as represented in Fig. 2. Then the steel blade U is thus used, the instrument Q would be placed behind the plows, in a line with the scraper, to remove the stubble, the., cut oli' lby the scraper.- The scraper' may haveeither a sickleedge or a straight .sharp edge. When'- the stubble is lowered it need not becut, or when.

it is turned into .the .furrow it need not, only when these opera-tions are not. performed. lf the stubble be pref 'crablc, one end may befastened behind-the hind plow, Mi, and extending forward across the stubble to the fmward plow,'M, which may mlvance :is possibie,so as to make as acute anangle as possible. Should loosening the earth beneath i hination, striding the' furrow, assh'own in 11`ig.13, and is driven ahead orto' the left-',"asthere-reprefeutres j f 'f7 there he any 'tendency to press. the "inaehine* d let the light and warmth thoroughly in tothe 'ila'nts. The onter p1o\\'s,N N, open anotherv furrow, so that two fnrrows are throivjn -baek .into theenter of the space lreneath the rows.

n' Fig'. 13 shows another combination, onsisting ot' thfo scoops it R and instrument Q, for the' 'pnrposej of covering. the eene.V I first bring the plow-s M M together, so as to form a double mold. boardv pio'w, as hereinhefore described. I thenhring vthe' piows N'N together' in the same Way. 'k The two double mold-board plows thus `formed are arranged one h ehind the other, and open adeep -t'iirrowvto receive, the rane. vThe ,eanefis their planted by hand in the furrow, afterlnfhieh 'the instrirment eoni- Fi g. 13) isput into ,tl1e'.'. ;ronnd," he= sented. The scoops RR take up the earth at.

.some distance 'from the eane,'and, raising* it.

and 4conveyingitinwa'rd toward thefurrow,

. dropxjtvnpon the cane, thoroughly covering the latter.A Theseraper Q follows* leveling oii 'the dirt to the depth required, andy pressingit dowh.' Bythis means I 'avoid .the difieulty' Y which 4has heretofore attended the useof' plows for eoreriug cane-namely, theirpressing the earth against it so as .to displace it, insteadof raising the dirt and dropping it" gently'npon the plantedV cane, so that theV canel is not displaeed, hnteoyeredgas l'aid. liigsl and 16 represen-t lrfull a combination which has beenl withFigs. fiand; The method of construct.- :ug :tied operating the device or'elevating the front end of the framegor plow-kermis ALA-'1 A2 tripping-har p isattahed to th end of the' ,ploy eliain-eonneetions'V V, instead ofl a sini-,

gie hinged arm,`n-hf iehivonld he preferable to the chain, when the tripping-bar is not used,

' as hythem the 'fore wheels canhe raised' 'off the gronnhthereby throwing the 'whole weight of lthe machine 'on'fithe plows, which might b e mostdesiroble ill-very stiti' lands, to compel the 'plonisto' go into the' groimd, .jointed at either end to increase' the flexibility ofthe eine., neetion, andenable';theplow s. to-beinstantly raised by the powerof thehorses, which could not -be done rery'well Withthe nhinged arm.'-`

The ratchet or may notjithen he .em-

pioyed for holding the. plow beams upv and lowering thein gradually orinstantaneonsly to Athe-lgrooiuh as it could hedone easily by the",- Y screw el. The dotted red lines in Fi-g. 16 show;

the position of the plow-beams and the'adjustin glia-r when 'the'mole-plows are `in operation., Thefhind plow, with aninolined plane, will ma lie a sin all snrtaee f ditoher `by having' arght and-left mold-hoard.,l Puiiing'them both together, quite a good-sizedditeh could oneside and down the other Wonhl :recoinphsli the-same effect :nearly by having a thin piecer'uninng .up between the front and rear soil troni` falling into the ditch; or the scoop: can he used 1n a similar'nianner, and the top, as shownin the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2. `By this simple arrangement, ali thediiiienlties of cultivating the- Sonth hy White labor' are 'entirely'overome,' and snppiies the great wantot' 'labor i1'1"the'Westl, andaddsprosperity to the vWl1` ole country;-

.-Having thsfdeserihed iny invention, what 1 claim asne-Wand desire to seourehy-Letters Patent, isi-:

I. Thelapplieation and c oinhi-nat-ion'otlthedouble-blooksystein of equalizingi drait, as ahove.set forth.v

2. TheV application and combination oi' .the Asingle-block system, in combination with the double-bleek system. j Ii. f The 'quadruple whifetree.

ero'ssfhar H? with the ton gue, for 'the purposes' jspe e iiied.'

5, The slotted' slide-har Q for the Whittle.- trees to-slide i1-pon, as set forth; "i '(5. Ther-'einig in the'tongiie,[as and ior'tlie plposes Set forth.

nation with a slide-valve, for regulating the quantity of 'grain so\vn. 1

9. The 'application of 4a steering` apparatus to -agrieultural'- machines,composed of the Wheels 1, cross #bar K, sheaves i'. 4,'stamla1'ils' andthe levers L and L.

cross-beam K.4 i

11. The stzndards D D2 of the canopy, the 'cross bars provided with screws d. d, for the :purposes setforth. Y

11),. The enrvedstandards o3 and hex-straps fe?, for the purposes specified. s v 13. The semioireular rack-lever E and handle 'and' stoplever spring j', for the purposes lherein "setforth. if, y

1 4. .The tripping-lever p and cord or chain pfor the purpose herein set forth. 15.- The application of horse or other power that may be employedto draw the m-aehine, for raisingthe plows and. ins trn'nieiits ont of ..andgoin the ground, as set forth.

= 16g/ The applicationk and combination of a "purposes 'herein set fort-h. v

f 1,7; Thetros's-hars A3 A, for the purpose herein speoiied.

18. T lie eonstrnetionoi an axle so that' the' lie-pillado, or by running the single plow up standards on the land-side, `to preventthej .frontstandard may he widened at the top, as seenh;f the adjustable cross-piece on the 4J The application -airdcombination of lthe 1', rope or chain J, stirrnps j j, erossshar 1,

deThegstandards I- and the adjn stalih..,

seraper'fahd presser to a gang .of plo ws, for the wheels-can' be' moved iin-ther apartor nearer above Speoiled.

together, to Suit the widths of rows'7 as above the (ligging-dieci K.A 20. The digging-timoh in combine-tion.with

lthe -zirrfingenient for. raising' oi' lowering' it-7 its' set forth. '21. The three-toothed'burrow(-},orits equivfilent7 ns :1nd for the purpose Set. forth. I

22.. lil'elting' the .shores :ind eolter in one pieee, :is and for the purpoes above specified.

23. The :ipplieut-ion :uid Combination of u.

ezinopy to a. geng'of plows or harvesting-.nifi- `ehines, forthe l'uii'posos :ibove specified.

v 24. The ni'nnnerofnniking eiinopies \\'iih un -.'exp:uisi\'e oord," us :ind for the purpose above sl'ieeilied 25. The tube onu'hieh the main wheels revolvo7 for the purposes herein specified.l 2C. The curved plow standards und the spr-ings, for the purpose above speeili-ed.'

42 7. The.constructing of :L plow so thatiii raking n root o1' Stone it., will be vthrown ont f :tntl forced immediately beek, tis above Spee-ilied ` 2S. The nest of-eups in the eylinder, for the. pui'fpose'herein set forth.

29. lhe eonibinzttion7 as Seen in Figs. l and 2, for the purpose of planting; or sowing', :is

30. The upplieniion :ind eonihnution of the cross-bur ll. with the tongue ll, lfig'. il, for the purposes` herein set forth.

31. The combination, :is Seen in ]`i 's..4. andv 5, und the pm'tieuhn' Shape ol' the third plow,

,19. In eonibinzition with u gung' ol.' plows,

with' thedneline for raising up the loil beforeturning,r over, :is above set lorth.

2. vThe mole-plow7 in eoinbinn-lion with the beiini seen in. '1.3, wheelraisingapparatus, A 1u-.id iple-trees und thei r tirrnngement.7 for ,tho

purposes herein speeilied.

3. The opening' o't the mold :it different depths, and taking' oit' the front nioldn` und .using their s'tznnlnrds only.' und using' thelnnli at onee or sepm'iitely, :is above Set torth. I '34". The application and eoinbiinit-ion,osseen `iii- Fig'. 8,' with its modifications, for the purposes herein sot. forth. d

Theatppliozition :1nd (minbimvtion,as seen in Figs. 10 und 1l7 ol' the gangs ol'plows, sind the tineS in the eenteig'or before or behind the plows, :is above set forth.

36. The stubble-lowerer Q, mid thom'riuige-- 

